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日: 2025年2月7日

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PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：基本的な4つの症状と診断基準

PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：基本的な4つの症状と診断基準

Posted by By Staa 2025年2月7日
みなさんこんにちは！今回は、PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害…
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他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology The English translation is in the comment below⬇️ 実は、解離には様々な分類が提唱されています。 具体的な症状をマッピングしてみると、一気にスペクトラムの全体像が見えやすくなりますね。 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/3/7「解離とは？発生のしくみと症状としての現れ方」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #解離 #解離性障害 #PTSD #CPTSD #複雑性PTSD #解離性同一性障害 #解離性健忘 #BPD #境界性パーソナリティ障害 #恐怖症 #自我状態 #自己免疫疾患 #線維筋痛症 #転換性障害 #トラウマ #心理学 #アダルトチルドレン
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology The English translation is in the comment below⬇️ いまいち掴みどころがなく、その実態や全貌が見えにくい解離。 そもそもどういう現象なのかを知るために、発生のしくみに注目すると理解しやすくなりますね。 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/3/7「解離とは？発生のしくみと症状としての現れ方」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #解離 #解離性障害 #PTSD #CPTSD #複雑性PTSD #自己免疫疾患 #線維筋痛症 #転換性障害 #トラウマ #心理学 #アダルトチルドレン
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology The English translation is in the comment below⬇️ 「認知の歪み」や「性格」などとして捉えられがちな虐待後遺症ですが、実際に脳や身体にどんな変化が起こっているかを正しく知ることで、より理解が深まり、適切な対応がしやすくなります。 📚今回の参考文献 References - Asmussen K, Fischer F, Drayton E, McBride T (2020). Adverse childhood experiences. What we know, what we don’t know, and what should happen next. Early Intervention Foundation. #トラウマ #PTSD #心理学 #複雑性PTSD #CPTSD #自己免疫疾患 #解離性障害 #線維筋痛症 #アダルトチルドレン #後遺症
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology The English translation is in the comment below⬇️ 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/2/28「PTSDを発症させやすいトラウマとは？」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #トラウマ #PTSD #心理学 #複雑性PTSD #CPTSD
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 💫Differences Between Trauma and PTSD Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD. According to a global study (Kessler, R. C., et al., 2017): - Probability of encountering a traumatic event in a lifetime: 70.4% - Probability of developing PTSD in a lifetime: 4% There is a significant gap between trauma exposure and PTSD onset. Who is more likely to develop PTSD? 💫PTSD-Prone Individual Characteristics ①Attributes <Women> Compared to men: - Women are more likely to develop PTSD after experiencing the same trauma. - More likely to experience sexual violence, physical violence, or accidents. <Adolescents> - More likely to experience trauma involving violence or accidents. - Childhood trauma can trigger genetic vulnerabilities to PTSD. <Elderly> Individuals over 65 have a significantly higher probability of developing PTSD from traumatic experiences. 💫PTSD-Prone Individual Characteristics ②Experiences <ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences)> Influence brain development, epigenetics, and attachment styles, increasing PTSD risk and trauma exposure likelihood. Note: ACEs refer to traumatic events and complex family environments experienced before age 18. See previous posts for details. <Healthcare Workers> - Emergency responders have twice the risk of PTSD compared to the general population. - Estimated PTSD prevalence among healthcare workers is 17–29%, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. <Past Mental Health History> Individuals with a history of mental illness have a higher risk of developing PTSD than those without. 💫PTSD-Prone Individual Characteristics ③Environment <Lack of Psychosocial Resources> When individuals face ongoing stressors or have difficulty accessing social support, their risk of developing PTSD increases. <Economic Hardship> Low socioeconomic status or limited years of education can contribute to a lack of psychosocial resources, raising the risk of PTSD. ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio!
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology TW: ABUSE, VIOLENCE This post contains some detailed descriptions of abuse and violence. If you feel uncomfortable, please don't hesitate to stop reading. 💫Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) What are ACEs? →Traumatic events or circumstances that occur before the age of 18. If four or more of the ten types of ACEs apply, individuals are more likely to face: - Mental health problems - Physical health problems - Unemployment - Crime 💫1. Physical Abuse - Actions that do not leave physical scars are also considered physical abuse. - Discipline or punishment may also be regarded as physical abuse in some cases. 💫2. Sexual Abuse - Not only direct actions but also exposing children to sexual content is considered sexual abuse. 💫3. Psychological Abuse - Primarily towards children, deliberately making them feel: - "I am worthless." - "I have flaws." - "I am not loved." - "I am unwanted." - "I am in danger." - "I am only valuable for fulfilling others' desires." - Isolating children from friends and family is also included. - Even without direct physical violence, showing threatening behavior is considered psychological abuse. 💫4. Physical Neglect - Not providing appropriate nutrition, hygiene, living environment, clothing, etc. - Hindering access to medical care and education is also included. 💫5. Psychological Neglect - Not responding to a child's emotional needs. For example, not reacting to an infant's cries or ignoring an older child's requests for attention. - Cases where a caregiver is aware of abuse by others but fails to protect the child are also included. 💫6. Witnessing Domestic Violence - If the caregiver is being abused by their partner and is either unable to take measures to protect the child or unaware of how to address the situation, such cases are not included. 💫7. Caregiver’s Substance Abuse - Abuse of alcohol, prescription drugs, or illegal substances etc. 💫8. Caregiver’s Mental Illness - A caregiver suffering from persistent depressive states, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, or substance use disorders.
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫Impact of Complex Trauma - Disturbances of self-organization - Functional impairments - Chronic dissociation and somatization tendencies - Vulnerability to subsequent trauma and physical health issues - Comorbidity and association with other mental disorders - Suicidal tendencies ➡️What do these symptoms specifically look like? Let’s examine them in detail on the next slides. 😺Complex trauma refers to prolonged, repeated exposure to trauma in an environment that is difficult to escape. See previous posts for more details. 💫Disturbances of Self-Organization - Difficulties in emotional regulation Emotions appear excessively or, conversely, are extremely suppressed. - Negative self-concept Persistent experiences of shame, guilt, feelings of failure, and worthlessness. - Difficulties in interpersonal relationships Persistent struggles in maintaining relationships and feeling close to others. ➡️These three collectively are called "Disturbances of Self-Organization." 😺Disturbances of self-organization are part of the diagnostic criteria for Complex PTSD and contribute to various symptoms, including functional impairments. 💫Functional Impairment A state in which illness causes various obstacles in daily life, leading to difficulties. For example: - Self-care (eating, changing clothes, etc.) - Housework (shopping, cleaning, laundry, etc.) - Interaction with others - Schooling and employment These activities become difficult. ➡️Even if one manages to do them, significant effort is required. 🐱ICD-11 does not have a clear definition or specific examples, but the WHO’s ICF provides a checklist for assessing functional impairments. 💫Chronic Dissociation and Somatization Tendency Dissociation A state where continuity, memory, and consciousness become fragmented or weakened. - Depersonalization: Feeling as if observing oneself from outside the body. - Derealization: Feeling that the world around oneself is "distorted," "distant," or "dreamlike." Somatization When psychological issues manifest as physical symptoms. ➡️Flashbacks and amnesia of basic PTSD are also well-known dissociative symptoms,
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫What is Complex Trauma? - Child abuse, domestic violence (DV), torture, slavery, etc.— In environments where escape is difficult, individuals are subjected to threats comparable to the fear of death over a long period and repeatedly, leading to complex trauma. - Compared to typical trauma, complex trauma has a higher likelihood of causing more profound psychological and physical effects. 🐱Traumas that occur only once, such as natural disasters, accidents, miscarriages, or terrorism, are referred to as "single-event (single-incident) trauma" in contrast to complex trauma. 💫The Impact of Complex Trauma - Disorders of self-organization - Functional impairments - Chronic dissociation and somatization tendencies - Vulnerability to future trauma and physical health issues - Comorbidities and associations with other mental disorders - Suicidal tendencies These symptoms, when incorporated into diagnostic criteria, define: Complex PTSD and Dissociative Subtype of PTSD. 🐱In contrast, traditional PTSD is characterized by the three core symptoms of "re-experiencing," "avoidance," and "hyperarousal." 💫Complex PTSD and Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Complex PTSD - In addition to the four core symptoms seen in traditional PTSD, disturbances of self-organization and functional impairments are present. - Sometimes referred to as CPTSD. Dissociative Subtype of PTSD - In addition to the three core symptoms of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal), chronic dissociation (depersonalization, derealization) is present. 🐱 More details on these specific symptoms will be explained in the next post! ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio! 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/2/14「PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：CPTSD（複雑性PTSD）とDissociative Subtype of PTSD（解離症状を伴う心的外傷後ストレス障害）」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #トラウマ #PTSD #解離性障害 #ADHD #心理学 #精神医学 #心的外傷後ストレス障害 #Trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry #複雑性ptsd #cptsd #解離 #dissociation #複雑性トラウマ #complextrauma
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 🐱We've looked at PTSD symptoms over the past four posts! What did everyone think? 🔴 "I only had a vague idea of PTSD before, but I was surprised to learn that so many different types of symptoms can appear!" 🔵 "I used to feel so down that I couldn't do things I was able to before, and I was filled with self-hatred. But knowing that this is also one of the symptoms made me feel a little relieved🥲" 🟡 "Hmm... Honestly, there are still some things I don't quite understand 🤔 So, in the end, how does someone get diagnosed with PTSD? Do all those symptoms have to be present?" 😺Let's check the PTSD diagnostic criteria! PTSD Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5) ⭐️ Experience(directly/indirectly) a major traumatic event ⭐️ The following symptoms persist for more than one month: Intrusion/Re-experiencing symptoms: At least one Avoidance symptoms: At least one Negative alterations in cognition and mood: At least two Alterations in arousal and reactivity: At least two ⭐️ Significant distress or functional impairment ⭐️ Symptoms are not due to medication or another illness 🟡: Oh, I see! So, a certain number of items from each group must be met to make a diagnosis💡 🔴: You know, I have a question. For example, insomnia is categorized under the "Arousal and Reactivity" group, right? But nightmares fall under the "Intrusion and Re-experiencing" group. So, if someone’s insomnia is caused by nightmares, how should it be counted? 🔵: Yeah, that’s a good point. It’s a bit off-topic, but recently, I’ve been getting tired easily, and I don’t know if it’s because of lack of sleep, but I’ve had constant headaches... I thought it might be because of PTSD, but it’s not listed in the diagnostic criteria. Does that mean it’s another illness?😨 But on social media, a lot of people in the trauma community struggle with physical symptoms… 😺Actually, there are discussions like this about diagnostic criteria! 👀 #トラウマ #PTSD #解離性障害 #ADHD #心理学 #精神医学 #心的外傷後ストレス障害 #Trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫What are Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity? These symptoms involve heightened sensitivity to stimuli, leading to disruptions in daily life, including sleep patterns, interpersonal relationships, and physical and mental well-being. Specifically: - Sleep disorders - Irritability and difficulty concentrating - Recklessness - Hyperarousal and hypervigilance 💫Sleep Disorders → Difficulty maintaining a healthy sleep rhythm and quality sleep For example: - Difficulty staying asleep, experiencing frequent nighttime or early morning awakenings - Shallow sleep, frequent nightmares, and an inability to achieve restful sleep - Difficulty falling asleep, leading to insufficient sleep duration 💫Irritability and Difficulty Concentrating → Becoming more sensitive to stimuli, leading to aggression toward people or objects and difficulty focusing on tasks that were previously manageable For example: - Being easily distracted and feeling restless, making it hard to sustain attention - Constantly feeling tense and on edge, making it difficult to relax - Becoming irritated by things that would not usually be bothersome 💫Recklessness → Engaging in dangerous or self-destructive behaviours For example: - Impulsively spending money on gambling, gaming, or shopping - Engaging in risky sexual behaviors impulsively (which may also be a reenactment of trauma) - Binge eating, excessive alcohol consumption, or drug overuse 💫Hyperarousal and Hypervigilance → Becoming excessively alert to sounds, movements, or situations reminiscent of traumatic events, leading to constant tension For example: - Being overly conscious of others' gazes and overanalyzing situations - Establishing (compulsive) routines to avoid danger and strictly adhering to them - Experiencing physical symptoms such as sweating, increased heart rate, or shortness of breath ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio! #トラウマ #PTSD #解離性障害 #ADHD #心理学 #精神医学 #心的外傷後ストレス障害 #Trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫What is Negative Alterations in Cognition and Mood? A negative shift in one's perception and emotions regarding the world, events, oneself, and others. Specific Examples: - Negative beliefs and expectations - Negative emotions and thoughts - Loss of interest and positive emotions - Blame 💫Negative Beliefs and Expectations →Persistently viewing oneself, others, and the world in an excessively negative manner. For example: - Holding negative beliefs about oneself: "I am a bad person.", "I deserve to suffer." - Holding negative beliefs about others: "No one can be trusted.", "People will always betray me." - Holding negative beliefs about the world: "The world is a dangerous place.", "There is no safe place anywhere." 💫Negative Emotions and Thoughts →Experiencing persistent emotions such as guilt, shame, anger, or fear. For example: - Thinking "Because I was harmed, I am dirty and shameful." - Feeling sudden waves of anxiety and crying for no apparent reason in daily life. - Believing that one's presence is a burden to others. 💫Loss of Interest and Positive Emotions →A reduced ability to engage in activities that were once enjoyable or to experience happiness and satisfaction. For example: - Losing interest in hobbies or work. - Feeling distant from close friends, family, or a romantic partner. - Experiencing a sense of emptiness and an inability to enjoy anything. 💫Blame Excessively blaming oneself or others for events or their outcomes. For example: - Thinking "I should have done something differently" or "It was a mistake to do that." - Believing "It was my fault for provoking the perpetrator" or "The assault happened because of what I was wearing." ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio! 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/2/7「PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：基本的な4つの症状と診断基準」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #トラウマ #PTSD #解離性障害 #ADHD #心理学 #精神医学 #心的外傷後ストレス障害 #Trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫What Is Avoidance? Avoidance refers to symptoms in which a person actively avoids traumatic events or anything that reminds them of those events. Specific Examples: - Avoidance of thoughts, emotions, and memories - Avoidance of triggers 💫Avoidance of Thoughts, Emotions, and Memories → Avoiding thinking about or remembering the traumatic event itself. For example: - Avoiding talking about the traumatic event or the perpetrator. - Trying to make light of the event by joking about it (suppressing feelings of shame or fear). - Being unable to recall parts of the event (dissociative amnesia). 💫Avoidance of Triggers → Avoiding situations, places, people, conversations, objects, or activities that may bring back memories of the traumatic event. For example: - Being unable to visit the place where the trauma occurred or avoiding certain modes of transportation. - Avoiding interactions with people who share characteristics (race, age, gender, etc.) with the perpetrator. - Losing interest in hobbies or work that were previously enjoyable. ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio! 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/2/7「PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：基本的な4つの症状と診断基準」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #トラウマ #PTSD #解離性障害 #ADHD #心理学 #精神医学 #心的外傷後ストレス障害 #Trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫What Are Intrusions and Re-experiencing? Symptoms that make past events (trauma) feel as if they are happening again in the present. - Flashbacks and nightmares - Intrusive thoughts - Psychological and physical distress 💫Flashbacks & Nightmares → Feeling or acting as if the traumatic event is happening again. For example: - Repeatedly having distressing dreams (nightmares) about the traumatic event. - Hearing the perpetrator’s words as if they are being spoken right behind you. - Reenacting the traumatic event during play (common in children). 💫Intrusive Thoughts → Thoughts or images related to the trauma repeatedly arise against one's will. For example: - Thinking obsessively, “If only I had done this,” or “It was my fault.” - Feeling overwhelmed by persistent, intense anger toward the perpetrator. - Compulsively searching social media for information related to the traumatic event. 💫Psychological & Physical Distress → Experiencing rapid breathing, an increased heart rate, or emotional distress when exposed to triggers. For example: - Feeling intense heart palpitations and shortness of breath when encountering someone who resembles the perpetrator. - Suddenly experiencing physical pain or itching when talking about the trauma. - Feeling depressed when facing a situation similar to the one in which the trauma occurred. ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio! 📚今回の参考文献リストはブログ記事（2025/2/7「PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：基本的な4つの症状と診断基準」）に記載しています。The list of references for this post is provided in the blog article. #トラウマ #PTSD #解離性障害 #ADHD #心理学 #精神医学 #心的外傷後ストレス障害 #Trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry
他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology 他の投稿はこちらから→@staa_psychology <English Translation> 💫About Me - Studied psychology and linguistics in university and graduate school - Worked for about two years as a childcare worker at an after-school day service, supporting children with developmental or intellectual disabilities - Living with bipolar disorder, dissociative disorder, and ADHD, and currently undergoing treatment focused on complex PTSD and trauma - Also involved in clothing design, sewing, and sales 💫About My Future Posts - Academic books and papers can be difficult to access - Online information is a mix of reliable and unreliable sources - Reading long texts can be challenging for patients due to some symptoms With these factors in mind, I aim to share trauma-related updates in an accessible way. I plan to post about: - The latest domestic(Japanese) and international research based on credible sources - The biological and psychological mechanisms underlying mental health conditions - Concrete examples of symptoms experienced by individuals - Practical life hacks for people living with these conditions ─── ⋆⋅☆⋅⋆ ──── Thank you so much for reading! If you want to know more about today's post, check out my blog too from the bio! #自己紹介 #トラウマ #ptsd #解離性障害 #adhd #心理学 #精神医学 #selfintroduction #trauma #dissociativedisorder #psychology #psychiatry
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  • 解離とは？発生のしくみと症状としての現れ方
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  • PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：CPTSD（複雑性PTSD）とDissociative Subtype of PTSD（解離症状を伴う心的外傷後ストレス障害）
  • PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）：基本的な4つの症状と診断基準

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